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Contents
Connecting a SCSI Cable ......................................................................... 13
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
iii
Contents
Installing the LTO Driver.........................................................................15
Setting the SCSI ID....................................................................................16
Installing the LTO Driver.........................................................................17
Drive Maintenance...........................................................................................24
Cleaning the Tape Drive ..........................................................................24
Data Integrity....................................................................................................29
Servo-tracking Faults................................................................................31
Data Compression............................................................................................31
iv
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Contents
Injected Noise............................................................................................ 42
Mean Time Between Failures......................................................................... 43
LTO Cartridge Specifications......................................................................... 44
Cartridge Memory.................................................................................... 45
Cartridge Reliability................................................................................. 45
Safety Compliance.................................................................................... 45
EMC Compliance...................................................................................... 47
A Word About SCSI Controllers.................................................................... 50
Configuring Digital UNIX Version 4.0 and later/Compaq Tru64 UNIX
Configuring for the Sun Environment
(Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)............................................................... 52
Configuring for the IBM AIX Environment (AIX Version 4.1.x
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
v
Contents
Installation Best Practices................................................................................63
Adding the Tape Drive.............................................................................64
Computer will not Boot............................................................................65
Tape Drive Recognized during System Boot but not by Operating
Slow Backups.............................................................................................75
vi
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Figures
Figure 4
Internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive Mounting
Figure 6
Two SCSI Termination Examples for the Internal LTO-2
Figure 7
SCSI Termination Examples for the Desktop LTO-2 Half-
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
vii
Figures
viii
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Tables
Table 1
SCSI IDs and Jumper Settings for LTO-2 Half-Height
in Drive ........................................................................................ 10
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
ix
Tables
x
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Preface
Audience
Purpose
This document was written for operators of the Quantum LTO-2 Half-
Height Tape Drive.
This document provides information about the Quantum LTO-2 Half-
Height Tape Drive including:
•
•
•
•
•
Installing the drive
Basic drive operations
Maintenance
Specifications
Troubleshooting
Document
This document is organized as follows:
Organization 0
•
Chapter 1, Introduction, provides an overview of LTO and Ultrium
technologies, and summarizes the drive’s key features.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
xi
Preface
•
Chapter 2, Installation and Quick Start describes handling
precautions, unpacking tips, and installation instructions for the
internal and desktop drives, as well as a summary of cabling and
connector specifications. It also provides quick-start instructions for
getting the drives up and running in the shortest possible time.
•
•
•
Chapter 3, Operation explains the use and operation of the drive and
describes maintenance procedures.
Chapter 4, Theory describes the theory of operation behind the
drives, including the technology used in various drive components.
Chapter 5, Specifications contains detailed drive and cartridge
specifications, as well as a summary of regulatory approvals and
WEEE Compliance statement.
•
•
Chapter 6, UNIX Settings describes the settings for UNIX systems.
Chapter 7, Troubleshooting Guide provides troubleshooting
procedures you can follow in the unlikely event you encounter a
problem with your drive.
This document concludes with a glossary and a detailed index.
This manual uses the following conventions:
Notational
Conventions
Note: Notes emphasize important information related to the main
topic.
Tech Tip: Tech Tips provide technical information which may be
helpful in performing the procedure.
Caution: Cautions indicate potential hazards to equipment and are
included to prevent damage to equipment.
Warning: Warnings indicate potential hazards to personal safety and
are included to prevent injury.
xii
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Preface
Related
Documents related to the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive are shown
Documents
below:
SCSI-2 Specification
0
The SCSI-2 communications specification is the proposed American
National Standard for information systems, dated March 9, 1990. Copies
may be obtained from:
Global Engineering Documents
15 Inverness Way, East
Englewood, CO 80112
(800) 854-7179 or (303) 397-2740
Contacts
Quantum company contacts are listed below.
Quantum Corporate Headquarters
0
To order documentation on the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s
Guide or other products contact:
Quantum Corporation
P.O. Box 57100
Irvine, CA 92619-7100
(949) 856-7800
(800) 284-5101
Technical Publications
0
0
To comment on existing documentation send e-mail to:
Quantum Home Page
Visit the Quantum home page at:
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
xiii
Preface
Customer Support
0
The Quantum Customer Support Department provides a 24-hour help
desk that can be reached at:
North/South America:
Asia/Pacific Rim:
(949) 725-2100 or (800) 284-5101
(International Code) + 61 7 3839 0988
Europe/Middle East/Africa:
(International Code) + 44 (0) 1256 848748
Send faxes for the Customer Support Department to:
North/South America:
Asia/Pacific Rim:
(949) 725-2176
(International Code) + 61 7 3839 0955
(International Code) + 44 (0) 1256 848777
Europe/Middle East/Africa:
Send e-mail for the Customer Support Department to:
Asia/Pacific Rim:
Europe/Middle East/Africa:
Visit our web site:
xiv
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 1
1Introduction
The LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive is a high-performance 8-channel tape
drive that complies with the LTO interchange specifications. It is suited
for mid-range to high-end servers, mainframe systems, and tape library
automation systems.
The LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive uses Ultrium data cartridges. Its
capacity is maximized using intelligent data compression. The drive has a
native capacity of 200 Gbytes (400 Gbytes assuming 2:1 data
compression).
inch half-height form factor with automatic electromechanical cartridge
soft load. It is available as an internal and a desktop drive.
•
The internal LTO--2 half-height drive is designed to fit in a 5¼-inch
half-height drive bay.
•
The desktop LTO--2 half-height drive is a stand-alone unit with a
built-in power supply.
Figure 1 Drive
Covered in this User’s
Guide (Typical)
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
1
Chapter 1 Introduction
Features
Features
1
The following list summarizes the key features of the LTO-2 Half-Height
Tape Drives.
•
•
Performance - Up to 26 Mbytes-per-second native transfer.
13-Speed Transfer matches tape drive speed to that of the host and
optimizes data transfers, resulting in shorter backup times and
increased reliability.
•
Two convenient form-factors:
•
5¼-inch internal form-factor for installation in a 5¼-inch half-
height space.
•
External desktop form-factor.
•
•
•
Intelligent data compression maximizes performance and capacity by
analyzing compressibility prior to recording.
Cartridge memory enables fast loading of cartridges and stores
pertinent information about the media.
32-Mbyte data buffer for extra fast backups on high-performance
systems.
•
•
Tape Alert drive performance monitoring and reporting.
Third generation read channel for increased maturity and data
integrity.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Patented head positioner for increased data integrity.
Shock dampened isolated chassis.
Two levels of ECC for extra data safety and protection from errors.
Reliable tape picking implementation for increased reliability.
Custom-designed LSI circuitry for fast, efficient data processing.
RISC processors for fast, efficient data processing.
Supports a wide variety of UNIX platforms.
2
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Quick Start Guide
Quick Start Guide
2
Use the following quick-start instructions to get your tape drive up and
running as quickly as possible.
Internal LTO-2
Use the following procedure to install internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape
Half-Height Tape
Drive Quick Start 2
Drive. Print this page and check each step as you complete it. If you need
more information about a step, turn to the section referenced in the step.
‰
‰
1
Unpack the contents of your drive package, and check for damaged items.
2
Review the drive’s default settings and change them if necessary:
•
•
SCSI ID: 6
Terminator Power: Disabled
‰
3
Turn off your computer, remove its covers and power cable, and select a mounting
bay for the drive.
‰
‰
‰
‰
‰
‰
4
5
6
7
8
9
Connect a SCSI interface cable to the drive.
Terminate the SCSI bus if the internal tape drive is the last device on the SCSI bus.
Connect a serial cable, if connecting the tape drive to a tape library.
Connect a power cable to the drive.
Replace the computer covers and power cable, turn on the computer, and verify
that the internal tape drive is operating properly.
Register your tape drive.
4
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Quick Start Guide
Desktop LTO-2
Half-Height Tape
Drive Quick Start 2
Use the following procedure to install desktop LTO-2 Half-Height Tape
Drive. Print this page and check each step as you complete it. If you need
more information about a step, turn to the section referenced in the step.
‰
‰
1
Unpack the contents of your drive package, and check for damaged items.
2
Review the drive’s default settings and change them if necessary:
•
SCSI ID: 6
‰
‰
‰
‰
3
4
5
6
Connect a SCSI interface cable to the drive.
Check the SCSI termination.
Connect a power cable to the drive.
• Turn on the computer
• Turn on the desktop tape drive
• Verify that the desktop tape drive is operating properly.
‰
7
Register your tape drive.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
5
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Unpacking and Inspection
Unpacking and Inspection
2
Although drives are inspected and carefully packaged at the factory,
damage may occur during shipping. Follow these steps to unpack the
drive.
1 Visually inspect the shipping containers and notify your carrier
immediately of any damage.
2 Place shipping containers on a flat, clean, stable surface; then
carefully remove the contents. If the equipment is damaged, notify
your Quantum representative.
3 Always save the containers and packing materials for any future
reshipment.
Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions
2
The following guidelines and cautions apply to handling and installing
internal tape drives. Keep them in mind as you install the drive.
•
Handle the drive by the sides rather than by the top cover to reduce
the risk of dropping the drive or damaging it during installation.
•
Internal drives contain some exposed components that are sensitive
to static electricity. To reduce the possibility of damage from static
discharge, the drives are shipped in a protective antistatic bag. Do not
remove the drive from the antistatic bag until you are ready to install
it.
•
•
•
Before you remove the drive from the antistatic bag, touch a metal or
grounded surface to discharge any static electricity buildup from
your body.
Always lay the drive either on top of the antistatic bag or place it
inside of the bag to reduce the chance of damage from static
discharge.
Install LVD drives only in an LVD environment. Do not mix LVD and
HVD devices on the same SCSI bus.
6
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Drive Installation Instructions
•
Due to the speed of the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive, it is
recommended that a maximum of one LTO-2 drive be connected to
one channel on a host SCSI adapter.
Drive Installation Instructions
2
After unpacking and inspecting your shipping containers and reviewing
the installation guidelines and cautions, proceed to the appropriate
section in this chapter for instructions on installing your internal or
desktop LTO-2 Half- Height Tape Drive.
•
•
Installing an Internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive
2
Installing an internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive involves the
following steps:
Configuring the
Before you install the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive in your computer,
Internal Tape Drive 2 you may need to configure the drive’s SCSI ID and terminator power
features. The default configuration settings for the LTO-2 Half-Height
Tape Drive are:
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
7
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Installing an Internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive
•
•
SCSI ID: 6
Terminator power: disabled
If you need to change these settings, refer to the following sections.
SCSI ID
2
•
•
Jumper Pins:
1–2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–8
Default Setting: SCSI ID 6
Each SCSI device on the bus must have its own unique SCSI ID. The
internal tape drive is shipped with a default SCSI ID of 6. If another SCSI
device in the SCSI chain is using this ID, use jumper pins 1–2, 3–4, 5–6,
and 7–8 to change the SCSI ID of the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive (see
Note: The SCSI controller or host adapter generally uses ID 7. In
some systems, the boot drive uses ID 0 or ID 1. Avoid setting
your drive’s SCSI ID to these settings.
8
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Installing an Internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive
Figure 2 Internal
LTO-2 Half-Height
Tape Drive Jumper
Settings
Drive Configuration Jumper Pins
Drive Configuration
Jumper Pins
Jumper Settings
Default
settings:
SCSI ID=0
SCSI ID=1
SCSI ID=2
SCSI ID=3
SCSI ID=8
SCSI ID=9
SCSI ID=10
SCSI ID=11
SCSI ID=12
SCSI ID=13
SCSI ID=14
SCSI ID=15
Term. power
Pins:
Function:
1-2 SCSI ID bit 0
SCSI ID=4
SCSI ID=5
SCSI ID=6
SCSI ID=7
3-4 SCSI ID bit 1
5-6 SCSI ID bit 2
7-8 SCSI ID bit 3
9-10
Reserved
11-12 Termination Power
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
9
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Installing an Internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive
Table 1 SCSI IDs and
Jumpers
Jumper Settings for
LTO-2 Half-Height in
Drive
SCSI ID
1–2
3–4
5–6
7–8
0
Open
Open
Open
Open
1
Shunted
Open
Open
Open
Open
2
Shunted
Shunted
Open
Open
Open
3
Shunted
Open
Open
Open
4
Shunted
Shunted
Shunted
Shunted
Open
Open
5
Shunted
Open
Open
Open
6 (default)
Shunted
Shunted
Open
Open
7
Shunted
Open
Open
8
Shunted
Shunted
Shunted
Shunted
Shunted
Shunted
Shunted
Shunted
9
Shunted
Open
Open
Open
10
11
12
13
14
15
Shunted
Shunted
Open
Open
Shunted
Open
Open
Shunted
Shunted
Shunted
Shunted
Shunted
Open
Open
Shunted
Shunted
Shunted
Terminator Power
2
By default, terminator power is disabled on the internal LTO-2
Half-Height Tape Drive. To enable terminator power, place a jumper
across pins 11 and 12.
Note: The internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive does not provide
SCSI termination. Thus, a terminator must be installed on the
drive if it is the last device in a SCSI chain.
10
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Installing an Internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive
Mounting the
You can mount the internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive either
•
If you mount the drive vertically, the side of the drive should be
within 5 degrees of horizontal.
•
If you mount the drive horizontally, the base of the drive must be
within 15 degrees of horizontal and the drive must be right-side up.
Figure 3 Acceptable
Mounting Orientation
YES
YES
YES
NO
Mount the drive in a 5.25-inch, half-height drive bay and secure it using
two M3.0 X 3 metric screws on each side of the drive.
Caution: Do not use screws longer than 3 mm or you may damage
screw holes on the side and bottom of the drive,
respectively.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
11
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Installing an Internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive
Figure 4 Internal LTO-
2 Half-Height Tape
Drive Mounting
Dimensions
INCLUDING CONNECTORS
5.0
BEZEL
THICKNESS
41.0 MAX
(40.75 NOMINAL)
2X M3.0 NEARSIDE
2X M3.0 FARSIDE
3X 5.0
M3.0 x 2.5
THIS HOLE
10.0
0.5
47.4
79.2
52.9
140.0
146.0
144.8
4X M3.0 X 5.0
2.4
221.0
12
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Installing an Internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive
Connecting a SCSI
Cable
The internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive has an Ultra3 SCSI interface,
terminated by an LVD SCSI connector. Use the following procedure to
connect a SCSI cable to this connector.
2
1 Turn off all power to the drive and the computer.
2 Attach the SCSI interface cable to the 68-pin SCSI interface connector
Figure 5 Rear View of
the Internal LTO-2
Half-Height Tape Drive
Library Interface Connector
SCSI Jumper Block
Pin 1
SCSI Connector
Power Connector
Caution: Install an LVD drive only in an LVD environment.
Plugging an LVD drive into an HVD bus makes the entire
bus non-functional and may permanently damage the
drive or other SCSI devices on the bus.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
13
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Installing an Internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive
Checking the SCSI
Termination
By default, the internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive does not provide
2
SCSI termination. If you use this default setting, you must place a SCSI
bus terminator or a SCSI device with termination enabled at the end of
The internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive provides terminator power if
a jumper is placed on the termination power jumper pins (see Terminator
Figure 6 Two SCSI
Termination Examples
for the Internal LTO-2
Half-Height Tape Drive
SCSI device
(termination
enabled)
SCSI Terminator
Tape drive
(no
termination)
Tape drive
(no
termination)
SCSI device
(termination
disabled)
CSI Controller
mination enabled)
SCSI Controlle
(termination enab
Connecting a
Serial Cable for
Tape Libraries
The Internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive include an RS-422 serial
interface for tape libraries. The LTO-2 library interface uses an in-line
shrouded and keyed 10-pin connector. This connector is located on the
assignments.
2
14
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Installing an Internal LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive
Table 2 Serial
Interface Connector
Pin Assignments
Pin Numbers
Description
+Tx -Rx
1
2
a
d
-Tx -Rx
a
d
3
Ground
-Tx -Rx
4
a
a
5
+Tx -Rxa
d
6
Sense
d
a
7
Sense
8
Reset
a
9
Signal
aux
10
Reserved
Connecting a Power Attach a four-pin power cable to the power connector on the back of the
Cable
2
The recommended 4-pin power connector for internal drives is an AMP
1-48024-0 housing with AMP 60617-1 pins or equivalent.
Installing the LTO
Driver
If you intend to use your drive with the Microsoft native backup applet
on Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, or Microsoft Windows 2000
operating system, install the appropriate LTO driver. See the Resource
CD. This driver is not necessary with commercial backup application
software.
2
Registering Your
Tape Drive
After you install the internal tape drive, be sure to register it. Registering
your drive ensures that you will receive the latest information about your
drive, as well as other product, service, and support information. For
your convenience, you can register your drive through our Web site at:
2
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
15
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Installing a Desktop LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive
Installing a Desktop LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive
2
The desktop LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive is a compact subsystem that
connects to the host computer through a SCSI port. Installing a desktop
drive involves the following steps:
Setting the SCSI ID2 Each SCSI device on the bus must have its own unique SCSI ID. The
desktop tape drive is shipped with a default SCSI ID of 6. Avoid setting
drive ID to 7. If another SCSI device in the SCSI chain is already using this
ID, either use the push-button switch on the back of the drive to change
the drive’s SCSI ID or assign a unique SCSI ID to the other SCSI device.
If you change the SCSI ID on the tape drive, turn off the tape drive before
changing the SCSI ID. The change takes effect when you turn on the
drive.
Note: The SCSI controller or host adapter generally uses ID 7. In
some systems, the boot drive uses ID 0 or ID 1. Avoid setting
your drive’s SCSI ID to these settings.
Connecting a SCSI
Cable
The desktop LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive has two 68-pin, shielded
SCSI interface connectors (ANSI Alternative 2) on the rear panel. These
connectors consist of two rows of ribbon contacts spaced 2.16 mm (0.085
in) apart. Either connector can be used as a SCSI IN or SCSI OUT
connection. This means you can use either connector to attach the drive to
a host computer or to another SCSI device.
2
1 Turn off all power to the drive and the computer.
2 Attach the SCSI interface cable to one of the 68-pin SCSI interface
connectors on the back of the drive.
16
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Installing a Desktop LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive
Checking the SCSI
Termination
If the desktop LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive is the last or only device in
a SCSI chain, install a 68-pin LVD terminating plug on the unused SCSI
2
Note: Termination power is enabled as a default for desktop drives.
External
Figure 7 SCSI
SCSI device
Termination Examples
for the Desktop LTO-2
Half-Height Tape Drive
SCSI terminators
External
External
tape drive
tape drive
External
SCSI device
SCSI controller
(termination disabled)
Internal
SCSI device
SCSI controller
(termination
(termination enabled)
enabled)
Example 1: SCSI termination
Example 2: SCSI termination
in a system that has only
external SCSI devices.
in a system that has both
internal and external SCSI
devices.
Connecting a Power Attach the power cord securely to the power connector on the back of the
Cord
2
desktop LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive.
Installing the LTO
Driver
If you intend to use your drive with either the Microsoft Windows Server
2003, Windows XP, or Microsoft Windows 2000 operating system, install
the LTO driver. See the Resource CD. This driver is not necessary with
commercial backup application software.
2
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
17
Chapter 2 Installation and Quick Start
Installing a Desktop LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive
Registering Your
Tape Drive
After you install the desktop tape drive, be sure to register it. Registering
2
your drive ensures that you will receive the latest information about your
drive, as well as other product, service, and support information. For
your convenience, you can register your drive through our Web site at:
18
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 3 Operation
Understanding the Front Panel Display
Understanding the Front Panel Display
3
Figure 8 shows a generalized view of the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive
front-panel display.
Figure 8 Generic
Front Panel Display
Power LED
Activity LED
Error LED
Status LED
Tape Load/Unload
Button
All drives have four LEDs on the front panel. The LED colors and
functions are as follows:
•
•
•
•
Power LED (green)
Activity LED (green)
Error LED (orange)
Status LED (amber)
The Activity, Error, and Status LEDs blink or go on to indicate information
20
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 3 Operation
Blink Codes
Blink Codes
3
Table 3 below summarizes the blink codes for the LTO-2 Half-Height
Tape Drives.
Table 3 LTO-2 Tape
Drive Blink Codes
ActivityLED Error LED
Status LED
(Amber)
Drive Condition
(Green)
(Orange)
Cleaning Request
Hardware error
ON
Fast
Positioning – loading, Slow
unloading,rewinding,
spacing, or locating
Tape Active – writing, Slow
reading, or verifying
Manual intervention
required
ON
Power On Self Test
(POST) failure
Fast
ON
ON
Fast
Cleaning cartridge
present
ON
ON
Cleaning cartridge at
EOT
Servo initialization
Slow
Slow
Slow
Slow
Power On Self Test
(POST) in progress
Slow
Fast
Cleaning failure or
media error
Fast
Microcode download
Fast
Fast
Slow
Fast
Fast
Fast
Microcode download
error
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
21
Chapter 3 Operation
Using LTO Cartridges
Note:
• ON refers to a constant light
• Slow refers to a blink rate of 1/2 second on, 1/2 second off
• Fast refers to a blink rate of 1/8 second on, 1/8 second off.
Using LTO Cartridges
3
Loading a
Cartridge
To load an Ultrium cartridge into the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive,
place the cartridge in the slot and then do one of the following:
3
•
•
Continue to push the cartridge the rest of the way into the drive.
Press the load/unload button on the front of the drive to seat the
cartridge.
•
Use a library or host command to finish loading the tape.
Unloading a
Cartridge
To unload an Ultrium cartridge from the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive,
either:
3
•
•
Use a library or host command to unload the tape, or
Push the load/unload button on the front of the drive.
Caution: Several seconds may elapse between the time you press
the load/unload button and the time the cartridge is
ejected. Do not power down the tape drive or the host
computer until the drive has completely ejected the
cartridge.
Write-protecting a
Ultrium cartridges have a sliding write-protect switch near the back right
Cartridge
3
•
If you slide the switch toward the center of the cartridge, data can be
read from the cartridge but not written to it.
22
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 3 Operation
Using LTO Cartridges
•
data can be read from and written to the cartridge.
Note: LTO cartridges have prewritten servo patterns and should not
be bulk erased.
Figure 9 Ultrium
Cartridge Showing
Write-Protect Switch
Write-
protect
switch
(unlocked)
Locked
Unlocked
Cartridge Care and
To protect the data on your Ultrium data cartridges, observe the
following precautions:
Maintenance
3
•
Always remove the cartridge from the drive when not in use and
store it in its protective case.
•
•
•
Do not expose cartridges to dirt, dust or moisture.
Do not touch the tape media within a cartridge.
Do not use data cartridges outside the specified operating conditions:
o
o
10 C to 40 C, 10% to 80% relative humidity.
If a data cartridge has been exposed to temperature or humidity changes
within the limits listed above, allow the tape cartridge to acclimate to its
surroundings for at least one hour before use. Then retension the tape to
allow the tape pack to become stable for better performance.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
23
Chapter 3 Operation
Drive Maintenance
Retensioning the Tape
3
If, during storage and/or transportation, a data cartridge has been
exposed to conditions outside the above range, it must be conditioned
before use in the operating environment. The conditioning process
requires exposure to the operating environment for a time equal to, or
greater than, the time away from the operating environment, up to a
maximum of 24 hours.
•
Keep the cartridge away from direct sunlight and heat sources, such
as radiators, heaters, or warm air ducts.
•
Keep the cartridge away from sources of electromagnetic fields, such
as telephones, computer monitors, dictation equipment, mechanical
or printing calculators, motors, magnetic tools, and bulk erasers.
•
•
Avoid dropping the cartridges.
This can damage components inside the cartridge, possibly rendering
the tape unusable. If a tape is dropped it is advisable to open the
cartridge door and make sure that the leader pin is in the correct
position. A dropped cartridge should be retensioned before use.
Do not bulk erase Ultrium cartridges.
Bulk-erased cartridges cannot be reformatted by the tape drive and
will be rendered unusable.
Drive Maintenance
3
The Ultrium drive requires little or no maintenance. However, the drive
mechanism may need to be cleaned.
Cleaning the Tape
Excessive tape debris or other material may accumulate on the tape heads
if the drive is used with non-approved media or operated in a hot, dusty
environment. In this case, the drive may experience excessive errors
while reading or writing, and the amber Status LED remains on
continuously during operation. This means that the drive heads need to
be cleaned.
Drive
3
24
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 3 Operation
Drive Maintenance
The LTO cleaning cartridge has the same dimensions as the data
cartridge and contains an LTO-CM (Cartridge Memory), but is loaded
with cleaning media instead of recording media. Always keep the
cleaning cartridge in its protective case when not in use.
To clean the drive, insert an LTO Ultrium cleaning cartridge. During the
cleaning process, both the Status and Drive LEDs remain lit. After the
cleaning process is completed, the cartridge may be ejected automatically,
or you may need to press the load/unload button to remove the
cartridge, depending on the drive configuration. Each time you use the
cleaning cartridge, write the date on the label for future reference.
Note: If the Status LED comes on continuously within 24 hours after
a cleaning cycle, perform the cleaning cycle again. If, after
three cleaning cycles in a 72-hour period, the Status LED lights
up again, contact Technical Support.
Each time the drive is cleaned, the tape advances to a new, unused
section of media. After approximately 50 cleanings, all of the media will
be used up and you should discard the cleaning cartridge. When a
cleaning cartridge is used up, the amber Status LED flashes, while the
green Drive LED remains on. Do not reuse a spent cleaning cartridge
Note: The cleaning procedure will not run and the cleaning cartridge
will be ejected in the following circumstances:
•
•
The drive does not recognize the cartridge as an LTO
cleaning cartridge.
All of the tape on the cleaning cartridge has been used up
(at EOT). In this case, the Status LED will flash rapidly
while the Drive LED remains on.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
25
Chapter 3 Operation
Drive Maintenance
26
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 4
4Theory
This chapter describes operational theories used in the LTO-2
Half-Height Tape Drive.
The topics covered in this chapter are:
•
•
•
•
•
Track Layout
4
With the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive, there are 512 data tracks on the
LTO tape, numbered 0 through 511.
•
Data track 511 is the track closest to the bottom edge of the tape (the
reference edge).
•
The area between adjacent servo bands is a data band.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
27
Chapter 4 Theory
Track Layout
•
•
There are 4 data bands, each of which includes 128 data tracks.
The data bands are numbered 2,0,1,3. Data band 2 is closest to the
bottom edge of the tape.
A track group should it be: is a set of 16 data tracks that record
concurrently. The sets of 16 data tracks in a data band are data sub bands.
There are 8 data sub bands per data band. The data tracks are accessed in
a serpentine manner.
A wrap is a track group recorded in the physical forward or physical
reverse direction. The wraps are recorded in a serpentine fashion starting
in data band 0. The tape contains 64 track groups, 32 written in the
forward direction and 32 written in the reverse direction. Even-numbered
wraps are recorded in the forward direction (BOT to EOT), and odd-
numbered wraps are recorded in the reverse direction (EOT to BOT).
Figure 10 shows the layout of data on an LTO tape.
Figure 10 Layout of
Tracks on LTO Ultrium
Tapes
Tape edge
Servo band
0
5
Even # wrap
Sub band 0
Odd # wrap
Sub bands 1 through 6
Beginning of
tape (BOT)
End of
tape (EOT)
(not shown)
DATA
BAND
Even # wrap
Sub band 7
Odd # wrap
0
5
Servo band
Tape edge
28
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Theory
Recording Method
Recording Method
4
The LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive records data using write-equalized
(1,7) Run Length Limited (RLL) code. RLL (1,7) Data bits are defined as
follows:
•
•
A ONE is represented by a flux transition at the center of a bit-cell.
A ZERO is represented by no flux transition in the bit-cell.
Data Buffer
4
In their default configuration, the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive has a
32-Mbyte buffer. The buffer controller has a burst transfer rate of 320
Mbytes/sec. The high bandwidth is needed to support look-aside data
compression in the case of compressible data being transferred from SCSI
at 160 Mbytes/sec.
Data Integrity
4
The mechanical and electrical design of the drives ensures that drive
performance does not degrade over a drive’s operating life. Changes in
head alignment, head wear, component drift, and other factors are
minimized to ensure that data integrity and interchange capability are
not compromised over the drive's operating life.
The error rate of the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive is less than 1 hard
17
27
error in 10 bits. The drive’s undetectable error rate is 1 in 10 bits read.
Error-correction
Code (ECC)
The use of Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC), two-level orthogonal
Error Correction Coding (ECC) provides a very low probability of
encountering a hard error. During the read process, ECC correction is
performed on the fly without affecting tape streaming.
4
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
29
Chapter 4 Theory
Data Integrity
There are two levels of Error Correction Coding (ECC). These two levels
are orthogonal — that is, an ECC codeword at one level intersects ECC
codewords at the other level just once, which means there will be only
one common symbol between them. The two levels are called C1 and C2.
C1 ECC
4
As data is written to memory from the Data Processing unit, the DMA /
ECC interface generates C1 ECC bytes and writes them to memory.
As data is written to tape, the C1 ECC is checked and an interrupt
generated if there is an error. The C1 ECC read from memory is the ECC
that is written to tape.
When data is read from tape and stored into memory, C1 ECC is checked.
•
•
If the C1 ECC is good, that codeword pair’s “Valid” bit is set.
Otherwise, a pointer to the invalid Codeword Pair is passed to the C1
ECC correction engine.
•
If the C1 ECC correction engine can correct the error, then the
corrected bytes are written to memory, and the Valid bit is set.
•
Otherwise, the Valid bit is left cleared.
As data is read from memory to the Data Processor for decompression,
the C1 ECC is again checked and an interrupt generated if it is not correct.
C2 ECC
4
C2 ECC involves three distinct operations:
1 Encoding: Generating C2 ECC bytes from data bytes (performed by
ECC co-processor hardware)
2 Decoding: Generating ECC syndromes from data and ECC bytes,
testing for all-zeroes (performed by ECC co-processor hardware)
3 Correction: Generating corrected data from syndromes.
The correction depends on the number and types of errors involved:
•
For one known C1 codeword pair in error in a sub-data set (C2
codeword), the operation is performed by the ECC co-processor
hardware.
30
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Theory
Data Compression
•
•
For two or more known C1 codeword pairs in error, the matrix is
computed by firmware and the correction is performed by hardware.
For one or more unknown C1 codeword pairs, syndromes are
generated by hardware, error location is computed by firmware, the
matrix is computed by firmware and the correction is performed by
hardware.
Servo-tracking
Faults
During a write operation, if the servo system detects an error that may
result in adjacent data tracks being over-written, the write operation is
aborted. The write operation will not continue until the correct servo
tracking is re-established.
4
Data Compression
4
Typical data streams of text, graphics, software code, or other forms of
data contain repeated information of some sort, whether it is at the text
level where you can readily recognize regular repetitions of a single
word, or at the binary level where the repetitions are in bits or bytes.
Although most data is unique and random, the binary level data exhibits
patterns of various sizes that repeat with varying degrees of regularity.
Storage efficiency is increased if the redundancies or repetition in the
data are removed before the data is recorded to tape. Data compression
technology significantly reduces or eliminates redundancies in data
before recording the information to tape. This increases the amount of
data that can be stored on a finite medium and increases the overall
storage efficiency of the system.
With data compression, the redundant information in a data stream is
identified and represented by codewords or symbols, which allow the
same data to be recorded in a fewer number of bits. These codewords or
symbols point back to the original data string, using fewer characters to
represent the strings. Because these smaller symbols are substituted for
the longer strings of data, more data can be stored in the same physical
space.
Some important benefits result from data compression in tape drives:
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
31
Chapter 4 Theory
Data Compression
•
The same amount of information can be stored on a smaller length of
tape.
•
•
More data can be stored on a given length of tape.
Performance can more closely parallel to that of high-transfer-rate
computers.
•
More information can be transferred in the same time interval.
Data Compression
In an effective data-compression method, several factors are important:
Considerations 4
•
The amount of compression. The amount of compression is measured
by the compression ratio. This ratio compares the amount of
uncompressed data to the amount of compressed data. It is obtained
by dividing the size of the uncompressed data by the size of the
compressed data)
•
The speed with which data is compressed and decompressed relative
to the host transfer rate.
•
•
The types of data to be compressed.
The data integrity of the compressed data.
The amount of compression possible in a data stream depends on factors
such as:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Data pattern
Compression algorithm
Pattern repetition length
Pattern repetition frequency
Object size (block of information to be compressed)
Starting pattern chosen
The transfer rate depends on factors such as:
•
•
•
•
•
Compression ratio
Drive buffer size
Host computer input/output (I/O) speed
Effective disc speeds of the host computer
Record lengths that the host computer transmits
32
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Theory
Data Compression
Data compression algorithms can be tailored to provide maximum
compression for specific types of data. Because varying types of data are
encountered in normal day-to-day operating circumstances, however, an
effective data compression method for a tape drive must serve various
data types. Additionally, the data compression method must adapt to
different data types, automatically providing optimum handling for all
types of data.
Intelligent Data
Compression
The tape’s compressed capacity is maximized through the use of
intelligent data compression. The intelligent data compression hardware
determines the compressibility of each record. If the size of the record is
larger after a compression attempt than the native (uncompressed) size,
then the record is written in its native form.
4
The intelligent data compression utilizes two compression schemes:
•
Scheme-1 is a LZ1 based compression scheme using a history buffer
to achieve data compression.
•
Scheme-2 is a pass-through compression scheme designed to pass
uncompressible data through with minimal expansion.
There are three specific requirements for compliance with the LTO
specification.
•
•
•
The output data stream must be decompressible following LTO rules
to create the input sequence of records and File Marks perfectly.
An LTO compressed data stream may not contain any of the eight
reserved Control Symbols.
While control symbols allow switching to Scheme 2, this should
never be used by operational software because this capability is only
for diagnostic and testing purposes.
Software data compression should never be used because the LTO-2
Half-Height Tape Drive's built-in intelligent data compression is much
more efficient than software data compression systems.
The LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive uses a derivative of ALDC-2 lossless
data compression that includes additional control codes for intelligent
data compression.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
33
Chapter 4 Theory
Data Compression
34
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Specifications
Physical Specifications
Physical Specifications
5
Table 4 below lists the physical specifications of the LTO-2 Half-Height
Tape Drive.
Table 4 Physical
Specifications
Internal SCSI Drive
without Bezel
Internal SCSI Drive
with Bezel
Specification
Height
1.6 inches
(41.0 mm) max
1.69 inches
(43.1 mm +/- 0.3 mm)
Width
5.75 inches
(146.05 ± 0.25)
5.81 inches
(147.8 mm +/- 0.3 mm)
Length
8.74 inches
(222 mm)
8.93 inches
(227 mm) max
(less connector)
Weight
3.660 lb.
(1.66 kg)
3.715 lb.
(1.685 kg)
Figure 11 shows the dimensions of the internal LTO--2 half-height drive.
36
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Specifications
Physical Specifications
Figure 11 Internal
LTO-2 Half-Height
Tape Drive
Dimensions
226.5
OVERALL LENGTH
INCLUDING CONNECTORS
5.0
BEZEL
THICKNESS
41.0 MAX
(40.75 NOMINAL)
2X M3.0 NEARSIDE
2X M3.0 FARSIDE
3X 5.0
M3.0 x 2.5
THIS HOLE
10.0
0.5
47.4
79.2
52.9
140.0
146.0
144.8
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
37
Chapter 5 Specifications
Power Specifications
Power Specifications
5
The desktop LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive comes with a built-in 90-
260VAC (47-63 Hz) automatic switching power supply.
Maximum voltage and power specifications for the internal LTO-2
Table 5 Voltage and
Current
Specification
+12 VDC
+ 5VDC
(1)
DC Voltage Tolerance
12.00 + or – 10% 5.00 + or – 5%
Non-operating max voltage 14 Volts peak
7 Volts peak
(1)
Idle current
0.13 amps RMS
0.45 amps RMS
0.71 amps RMS
0.83 amps RMS
1.4 amps RMS
(2)
Standby current (max)
1.4 amps RMS*
2.9 amps RMS
(3)
Typical operating current
(4)
Max operating current
3.0 amps max RMS
3.0 amps max RMS
Max. Peak operating
2.34 amps
(1 sec max)
(5)
current
Ripple (peak-to-peak)
< 100 mV
< 100 mV
* RMS parameters measured at the power connector using a true RMS
digital meter.
Table 6 Power
Dissipation
Specification
LTO-2
(1)
Idle Power
9 watts RMS
(2)
Standby Power
12.5 watts RMS*
23 watts RMS
(3)
Typical Operating Power
38
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Specifications
Drive Performance Specifications
Specification
LTO-2
(4)
Max Continuous Operating Power
25 watts RMS*
(5)
Max Peak Operating Power
40 watts RMS (1 sec max)
(1)
Note:
No cartridge loaded (typical drive idle current/power)
Cartridge loaded and tape-threaded -- drive ready for
(2)
transfer (typical drive standby current/power)
(3)
Average drive current/power measured during Read/Write
mode at 4.53 m/s on a typical drive.
(4)
Maximum drive current measured during Read/Write mode
at 4.53 m/s. Worst case 1 second RMS measurement. Measured
at the following worst case voltages (5.25V and 10.8V).
(5)
Peak current/power, RMS current measured for maximum
current do not occur at the same time max current condition.
(1-5)
RMS parameters measured at the power connector using a
nominal voltages of 5.0V and 12.0V unless stated otherwise.
Drive Performance Specifications
5
Table 7 lists the performance specifications for the LTO-2 Half-Height
Tape Drive.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
39
Chapter 5 Specifications
Drive Performance Specifications
Table 7 Drive
Performance
Specification
Specification
Value
Capacity
LTO-2 (609 m)
200 Gbytes (native)
100 Gbytes (native)
50 Gbytes (native)
30 Gbytes (native)
10 Gbytes (native)
Ultrium type A (609 m)
Ultrium type B (319 m)
Ultrium type C (203 m)
Ultrium type D (87 m)
Recording density
Flux density
3,930 RLL-encoded ONEs per mm
3,660 flux transitions per mm
3 tracks per mm
Track density
Error recovery
Read-after-write Reed Solomon ECC (2 levels)
17
Recording unrecoverable errors
Recording undetectable errors
Tape drive type
<1 in 10 data bits
27
< 1 in 10 data bits
LTO-2 (Ultrium)
Head configuration
16 thin-film write heads
16 MR read heads
4 MR servo heads
During operation 8 write heads, 8 read heads, and
2 servo heads are active at the same time
Recording format
Ultrium 8-channel (U-28)
0, 13/11 RLL
Recording method
Transfer rate (sustained)
Cartridge unload time
20 Mbytes/second (max, native)
3 seconds
40
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Specifications
Environmental Requirements
Specification
Value
Average rewind time (609-m tape)
Maximum rewind time (609-m tape)
> 4.5 seconds
<136 seconds
68 seconds
Average data access time (609-m tape)
from BOW
Maximum data access time (609-m tape)
from BOW
136 seconds
Average rewind time (609-m tape)
Tape speed
< 76 seconds
Up to 3.48 meters per second
Environmental Requirements
5
Table 8 lists the environmental specifications for the LTO-2 Half-Height
Tape Drive.
Table 8 Environmental
Requirements
Specification
Operational
Non-operational
Temperature
+50° to +104°F
(+10° to + 40°C)
–40° to +149°F
(–40° to + 66°C)
Airflow requirements
Thermal gradient
Relative humidity
Internal: 9 CFM (front to back)
11°C per hour (10-40°C)
N/A
11°C per hour (10-40°C)
20% to 80% non-condensing
10% to 95% non-
condensing
Humidity gradient
10% per hour
10% per hour
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
41
Chapter 5 Specifications
Reliability
Specification
Operational
Non-operational
Altitude
max 10,000 feet MSL (at 25°C)
10 Gs peak, 11 msec
40,000 feet (power off)
25 Gs peak, 11 msec
Shock (1/2 sine wave)
Vibration (sweep test)
0.005 inches DA (5-43 Hz) 0.20 G
peak (43–1000 Hz) sweep rate 5-
1000Hz;
0.1 inches DA (5-15 Hz)
1.0 G peak (15–500 Hz)
sweep rate 5-500Hz;
(1.0 octave per minute)
(1.0 octave per minute)
Acoustic level idling
(A-wt sum)
52 dBA maximum 5.0 LwA Bels
57 dBA maximum 5.5 LwA Bels
—
Acoustic level operational
(A-wt sum)
—
Injected Noise
5
The internal drive operates without degradation of error rates with 100
mV of noise injected between the chassis and 0 V at the power connector
at any frequency between 45 Hz and 20 MHz.
Reliability
5
The LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive is designed for maximum reliability
42
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Specifications
Mean Time Between Failures
Table 9 Reliability
Specification
Description
17
Non-recoverable error rate < 1 in 10 bits
Error recovery and control • Error correction code techniques (C1
and C2 ECC)
• Read-after-write (RAW)
• Error monitoring and reporting (error
log)
• Retry on
Mean time between
failures (MTBF)
250,000 hours MTBF at 100% duty cycle:
power applied and tape moving
continuously
(Desktop drive; 50,000 hours at full load
and 25°C)
Cartridge load/unload
100,000 cartridge load/unload cycles (no
thread)
Mean time to replace
(MTTR)
Less than 30 minutes
Mean Time Between Failures
5
The mean time between failures (MTBF) for the internal drive is specified
at 250,000 hours minimum. This specification includes all power-on and
operational time but excludes maintenance periods. Operational time is
assumed to be 100 percent of the power-on time. Operational time is the
time the tape is loaded.
The MTBF for the desktop drive power supply is 50,000 hours with the
unit operated at full load and 25°C.
Note: The MTBF rating does not represent any particular drive, but
is derived from a large database of test samples. Actual rates
may vary from unit to unit.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
43
Chapter 5 Specifications
LTO Cartridge Specifications
Mean Time to
Replace
The mean time to replace (MTTR) is the average time required by a
qualified service technician to diagnose a defective drive and to install a
replacement drive. The MTTR for LTO products is less than 0.5 hour (30
minutes).
5
The Quantum LTO drives are field-replaceable units. If a problem occurs
with a subassembly or component in the drive, you should replace the
entire unit. Return the drive to the factory in its original packaging.
Contact your distributor, dealer, your computer system company or your
Quantum sales representative to arrange the return.
LTO Cartridge Specifications
5
Environmental
Considerations
Table 10 lists the basic environmental tolerances for LTO Ultrium
cartridges.
5
Table 10 Environmental
Tolerances
Specification
Value
Operating temperature
Relative humidity
10°C to 40°C
20% to 80%
26° C max
Wet bulb temperature
Max localized temperature-permanent tape damage > 52°C
If during storage and/or transportation a cartridge has been exposed to
conditions outside the above values, it must be conditioned before use in
the operating environment. The conditioning shall be exposure to the
operating environment for a time equal to, or greater than, the time away
from the operating environment, up to a maximum of 24 hours. There
shall be no deposit of moisture anywhere on or in the cartridge.
The stray magnetic field at any point on the tape shall not exceed
4000 A/m.
44
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Specifications
Regulatory Compliance
Cartridge Memory 5 Each Ultrium cartridge has 4 Kbytes of nonvolatile memory: 3 Kbytes are
used to store tape-directory and hardware specific information. 1 Kbyte is
available for application and OEM use. The cartridge memory is
powered, read, and written to via a radio-frequency link.
Cartridge
Reliability
Recommended cartridge use: After 5,000 load/unload cycles, replace the
cartridge to ensure data integrity.
5
illustrations.
Regulatory Compliance
5
These drives comply with the safety and EMC regulations listed in the
following tables.
Safety Compliance 5
Country
Regulatory Organization
Compliant to:
United States
Canada
Canadian Standards Association
(CSA)
UL/CSA 60950-1
Mexico
Normas Oficiales Mexicanas
(NOM), similar to UL
NOM standards
EU member nations
Comité Europèen de
Normalisation Electrotechnique –
the European Committee for
Electrotechnical Standardization
(CENELEC)
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
45
Chapter 5 Specifications
Regulatory Compliance
Country
Regulatory Organization
Compliant to:
Member nations of
IECEE*
IECEE* International
CB Scheme per IEC 60950-1 with
details and exceptions for each
member country
Electrotechnical Commission on
Electrical Equipment (IECEE) for
Mutual Recognition of Test
Certificates for Electrical
Equipment “CB Scheme”
Singapore
South Korea
Argentina
Productivity and Standards Board PSB safety certification
(PSB)
CB Scheme
JEON
JEON safety certification
CB Scheme
Instituto Argentino de
Racionalization de Materiales
(IRAM)
IRAM safety certification
CB Scheme
China
CCC safety certification
CB Scheme
Malaysia
Thailand
India
JBE SIRIM
TISI
CB Scheme
CB Scheme
STQC BIS
SABS
South Africa
Israel
CB Scheme
CB Scheme
SII
* Member nations of the IECEE include Austria, Australia, Belgium,
Canada, China (PR), Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, (South) Korea,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Singapore, Slovakia,
Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, USA,
Yugoslavia.
46
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Specifications
Regulatory Compliance
EMC Compliance 5
Country
Regulatory Organization
Compliant to:
United States
Federal Communications
Commission (FCC)
Title 47: Code of Federal
Regulations, Part 15, Subpart B,
Class B: Digital Device
(47CFR15B)
Canada
Industry Canada Digital
Apparaus - Interference-Causing Apparatus
Equipment Standard (ICES-003)
ICES-003 Class B: Digital
EU member nations
CE
Emissions per CISPR 22, EN55022
and Immunity per CISPR 24,
EN55024
Australia and New
Zealand
Standards Australia Spectrum
Management “C-Tick”
AS/NZS 3548 (same as CISPR 22)
Japan
Voluntary Control Council for
Interface (VCCI)
This is a voluntary compliance
standard; the drives meet it via
CE/EMC compliance
South Korea
Taiwan
Radio Research Lab of Korea
(RRL)
RRL EMC certification
Bureau of Commodity
Inspection and Quarantine
(BSMI)
BSMI EMC certification
China
Russia
Israel
CNCA
CCC Mark
GOSSTANDART (GOST)
SII
CISPR-22, Class B
CISPR-22, Class B
Note: Use these drives only in equipment where the combination has
been determined to be suitable by an appropriate certification
organization (for example, Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or
the Canadian Standards Association in North America).
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
47
Chapter 5 Specifications
Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment
You should also consider the following safety points:
•
Install the drive in an enclosure that limits the user’s access to live
parts, gives adequate system stability and provides the necessary
grounding for the drive.
•
Provide the correct voltages (+5 VDC and +12 VDC) based on the
regulation applied—Extra Low Voltage (SEC) for UL and CSA, and
Safety Extra Low Voltage for BSI and VDE (if applicable).
Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment
5
This symbol on the product or on its
packaging indicates that this product
should not be disposed of with your other
waste. Instead, it should be handed over to
a designated collection point for the
recycling of electrical and electronic
equipment. The separate collection and
recycling of your waste equipment at the time of disposal
will help to conserve natural resources and ensure that it is
recycled in a manner that protects human health and the
environment. For more information about where you can
drop off your waste equipment for recycling, please visit
local government authority, your household waste disposal
service or the business from which you purchased the
product.
48
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
A Word About SCSI Controllers
A Word About SCSI Controllers
6
The LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive transfers data at 40Mbytes per
second, with 2:1 compression of the data. The drive supports the SCSI
Ultra3 specification and can transfer data at burst rates of up to 160
Mbytes per second. To achieve maximum drive performance, it is
important to choose high-performance disk drives for your system, as
controllers that Quantum recommends, in order of least preferred to most
preferred (top to bottom).
Table 11 SCSI
Controllers
Controller Type
Maximum Transfer Rate
Wide Ultra2 SCSI
Ultra 3 SCSI
80 Mbytes per second, compatible
160 Mbytes per second, minimum preferred
320 Mbytes per second
Ultra 320 SCSI
For definitions of the terms used above, please refer to SCSI Trade
Association web site: www.scsita.org/aboutscsi/index01.html
Configuring for the DEC/Compaq UNIX Environment 6
Finding Existing
SCSI Controllers
and Devices
SCSI ID #7 is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller. Never
configure your target device for ID 7 unless you are absolutely sure that
the controller is not addressed for ID 7.
6
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LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for the DEC/Compaq UNIX Environment
ConfiguringDigital
UNIX Version 4.0
and later/Compaq
Use File Manager to open the file /etc/ddr.dbase and create an entry as
follows:
SCSIDEVICE
Tru64 UNIX 5.x
6
#
Type=tape
Name="CERTANCE""ULTRIUM 2"
#
PARAMETERS:
TypeSubClass=tk
TagQueueDepth=0
MaxTransferSize=0x0ffffff#(16MB-1)
ReadyTimeSeconds=180#seconds
CMD_PreventAllow=supported
CMD_ExtReserveRelease=supported
BlockSize=0
PwrMgmt_capable=0
DENSITY:
#
DensityNumber=0,2,3,4,5,6,7
DensityCode=default
CompressionCode=0x0
Buffered=0x1
DENSITY:
#
DensityNumber=1
DensityCode=default
CompressionCode=0x1
Buffered=0x1
Save the file. Then run the following command:
ddr_config-c
ddr_config takes the default input file, ddr.dbase, and builds a new device
database. This command takes effect immediately, without having to
rebuild the kernel.
Note: ddr.dbase is a UNIX shell script and is not written in C. This
means # is used to signify a comment, not /* and */ or //, as
used in C. Make sure any comments included in this file are
preceded with the # character.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
51
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for the Sun Environment (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)
To enable the tape driver to turn on data compression when writing data
to tape use the .c. option.
For commands that use density and tape size settings, the tape density is
124,000 bpi and the tape length is 1800 feet. For commands that use a
blocking factor, we recommend a blocking factor of 64 as a minimum (128
is recommended).
Configuring for the Sun Environment
(Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)
6
Use the following for attaching the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive to Sun
Sparc and Intel systems.
Finding Current
SCSI Controllers
and Targets
To properly attach SCSI devices to hosts it is necessary to ensure that each
target device has a unique SCSI address. The commands .modinfo.
and .dmesg. can be used to find the SCSI controllers in use and the SCSI
target devices installed.
6
For example, the command .dmesg | egrep .target. | sort | uniq. can find all
SCSI controllers and SCSI targets. The output may look similar to:
sd32 at ithps0: target2 lun0
sd34 at ithps0: target4 lun0
st21 at ithps1: target0 lun0
st22 at ithps1: target1 lun0
In this case, the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive can be set for SCSI ID
address 2 through 6 and attached to controller ithps1 (this particular
controller also supports SCSI addresses 8 through 15).
Types of
Controllers
You may be able to view the main pages of three types of SCSI controllers
for Sun Sparc systems:
6
•
•
•
esp
glm
isp
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LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for the Sun Environment (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)
We recommend that the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive not be attached to
esp controllers. This controller is not fast enough to work with the LTO-2
Half-Height Tape Drive. The minimum recommended controller would
be a glm controller, which is an Ultra Wide controller.
We recommend Ultra3 SCSI-capable controllers capable of 160MB/s data
transfer as a minimum. Slow backups will result if using slower SCSI
controllers.
Configuring the
Device File
st.conf
To configure Solaris 2.4 and above to use the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape
Drive correctly, add the following lines to the file st.conf in the directory /
kernel/drv.
6
tape-config-list=
“CERTANCEULTRIUM 2”, “Seagate LTO 2”, ”Certance_LTO2”;
Note: The last entry in this section must end with a semicolon
• Certance LTO2 = 1,0x3b,0,0x1d639,4,0x,00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0,1;
The value 0x1d639 equates to the way that the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape
Drive is configured to operate in the Solaris environment. This value
enables the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive to:
Support variable length records (variable length block size)
•
•
•
•
Backspace over files (same as .mt bsf.command to backspace over
file marks)
Backspace over records (same as .mt bsr., backspace over
individual tape blocks)
Long time-out for long erase function (it is not recommended to try
and erase the entire tape)
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive knows when end of data has been
encountered
•
•
•
•
Device driver is unloadable
Long timeouts (5 times longer than normal)
Buffered writes supported
Variable record size not limited to 64k
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
53
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for the IBM AIX Environment (AIX Version 4.1.x and later)
•
Uses Mode Select Page 10h to enable/disable compression
Once st.conf has been modified, the kernel must be reconfigured by
booting the system using the boot-r command. If you are replacing a tape
device with the same SCSI ID you may want to delete the st devices from
the /dev/rmt directory (recommended).
When using commands that require a blocking factor such as tar or
ufsdump, we suggest a minimum factor of 64. The preferred factor is 128.
For commands that use density and tape size settings the tape density is
124,000 bpi and the tape length is 1800 feet. We suggest using the
ufsdump/ufsrestorecommands. These commands automatically
detect end of tape without the need of the density and tape length
settings.
To enable the st driver to turn on data compression when writing data to
tape use the .c. option. For example, tar cf /dev/rmt/0c causes the tape drive
to compress the data before writing the data to tape.
Configuring for the IBM AIX Environment
(AIX Version 4.1.x and later)
6
Finding Existing
SCSI Controllers
and Devices
Enter the following command: lsdev–Cs scsi. This shows all the SCSI
target IDs known to the system. Note the SCSI target IDs and choose a
SCSI ID for the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive that will not conflict with
6
the IDs shown from the lsdevcommand.
SCSI ID #7 is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller. Never
configure your target device for ID 7 unless you are absolutely sure that
the controller is not addressed for ID 7.
Configuring the
LTO-2 Half-Height
Tape Drive using
SMIT
The LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive can be configured to work with AIX
Versions 4.1.x and later by using the SMIT.Other SCSI Tape Drive. option.
6
Note: Record the SCSI ID of the tape drive before installing it.
To configure AIX using the SMIT utility, use the following procedure:
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LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for the IBM AIX Environment (AIX Version 4.1.x and later)
1 Enter SMIT at the Tape Drive menu by typing smit tape
2 Select Add a tape Drive.
3 Select the type of tape drive you will be adding. Use the Other SCSI
Tape Drive option.
4 Select the Parent SCSI Adapter from the available list.
The Add a tape Drive “Entry Fields” appears.
5 Some of the standard options can be changed to maximize drive
performance and functionality:
Set the Connection Address with the Drives Target and Lun (always use
Lun 0). In the list, the Target is the first number and the Lun is the
second. For example, if the drive is ID 5, choose 5,0.
Set the BLOCK size to 0.
Set Use DEVICE BUFFERS during writes to yes.
Set RETURN error on tape change or reset to no.
Set Use EXTENDED file marks to yes.
Set RESERVE/RELEASE support to yes.
Set BLOCK SIZE for variable length support (Num.) to 0.
Set Density 1 to 0.
6 Leave the Set delay. . . and Set timeout. . . lines at the default value.
7 Click OK and the drive will be installed in the system database, and
devices created. There is no need to reboot the system.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
55
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for SCO Open Server 5.0.x
8 Exit SMIT.
Note: We suggest using the AIX commands .backup and .restore
when transferring data to and from the LTO-2 Half-
Height Tape Drive. These commands transfer data more
quickly than other commands such as tar and cpio.
• For cpio we suggest a blocking factor of 128.
• For tar we suggest using the .N option and a factor of
128.
• Some older systems with poor video controllers may
experience a reduction in performance when using
the .v option, which prints the path names on the
standard console during the backup. Unless there is a
real need to see the filenames as they are backed up we
suggest not using the .v option.
• For commands that use density and tape size settings
the tape density is 124,000 bpi and the tape length is
1800 feet.
Configuring for SCO Open Server 5.0.x
6
Finding Existing
SCSI Controllers
and Devices
The files /usr/adm/hwconfig and/var/adm/messages list the devices found
during boot up of Open Server. The current SCSI controllers can be found
using the command:
6
grep adapter /usr/adm/hwconfig
6
This command produces output similar to:
%adapter 0x6400–0x64FF 11 type=alad ha=0
bus=0 id=7 fts=st0.
The current tape drives can be found using the command:
grep tape /usr/adm/hwconfig
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LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for SCO Open Server 5.0.x
This command produces output similar to:
%tape type=S ha=0 id=6 lun=0 bus=0 ht=alad
The information above shows that an Adaptec SCSI controller is installed
(alad) and a SCSI tape drive (type=S) is installed as target id 6. SCSI ID #7
is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller. Never configure your
target device for ID 7 unless you are absolutely sure the controller is not
addressed for ID 7.
Configuring the
LTO-2 Half-Height
Tape Drive with
mkdev
Once connected to the system, installation of the drive is performed
using the following command:
mkdevtape
6
A numeric-based menu appears. If you are replacing an existing SCSI
tape drive, use option 3 to remove the existing tape drive from the
configuration files. Then follow the instructions below to add an LTO-2
Half-Height Tape Drive.
1 From the menu, choose Configure a SCSI or Enhanced IDE tape drive.
2 From the next menu, choose Install a SCSI tape drive.
3 When prompted, enter the SCSI adapter string. To view the list of
supported SCSI adapters, use the hoption.
4 Enter the number of the SCSI host adapter attached to the drive. If
one SCSI adapter exists, enter the number zero (0).
5 Enter the number of the SCSI bus attached to the drive. Refer to the
SCSI adapter documentation. For many adapters this will be zero (0).
6 Enter the SCSI ID of the tape drive.
7 Enter the number zero (0) for the LUN of the device.
8 When prompted to Update the SCSI configuration? (y/n), enter y.
9 When prompted for Vendor Identification string, enter CERTANCE.
10 When prompted to enter the SCSI version to which the tape drive
conforms, enter the number three (3).
11 When prompted to enter the Response Data Format the tape drive
uses, enter the number two (2).
12 When prompted, choose the Generic SCSI-1/SCSI-2 tape drive option.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
57
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for Linux
13 When the process takes you back to the two Main Menu screens,
press q.
14 When asked to create a new kernel, enter yes.
15 When asked if you want the new kernel to boot by default press y.
16 When asked if you want the kernel environment to be rebuilt press y.
17 Reboot the system.
Note: Not all of the SCO “tape” commands will operate or be
applicable to the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive (execute the
command .man tape. for the specifics on how the tape
command works). The following tape commands are not
available for use with the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive:
getcomp, setcomp (the LTO-2 drives will always compress the
data before writing the data to tape under SCO Open Server
5.0.x), partition, setpart, getpart, getspeed, setspeed, rsm,
wsm. The following tape commands are available for use with
the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive: status, load, reset, rewind,
retention, getblk, setblk, unload, eod.
Note: When using the GUI Backup Manager utility set the block size
to 32768 minimum, 65536 preferred. When using commands
such as tar we suggest using the tape command to set the
block size to 512 and then using a blocking factor of 80 for the
tar command. For commands that use density and tape size
settings the tape density is 124,000 bpi and the tape length is
1800 feet.
Configuring for Linux
6
Finding Existing
SCSI Controllers
and Devices
Before installing the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive, ensure that the
requisite SCSI controllers and device drivers are installed on your system.
To find existing SCSI controllers execute the command:
dmesg | grep SCSI
6
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LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for Linux
You may see output similar to:
(scsi0)<Adaptec AHA-294XX Ultra2 SCSI host
adapter> found at PCI 0/16/0
To find existing SCSI devices execute the command:
cat /proc/scsi/scsi
You may see output similar to:
Host: scsi0 Channel: 0 Id:6 Lun:00
Vendor: CERTANCE Model: ULTRIUM2
Type: SequentialAccess ANSI SCSI
Revision 03
Use the output of these two commands to see which SCSI target id
numbers are free. In the above example a tape drive is attached at target
id 6. SCSI ID #7 is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller. Never
configure your target device for ID 7 unless you are absolutely sure that
the controller is not addressed for ID 7.
The widely available distributions of Linux automatically install the
proper SCSI and tape device drivers. If you executed the catcommand
above, you have ensured that the SCSI driver for your controller is
installed. To view currently loaded modules, execute the lsmod
command. Ensure that one of the entries is st.
To view the st device number for your attached tape drive, execute the
command:
dmesg | grep tape
You should see output similar to:
Detected SCSI tape st0 and scsi0 . . .
Using the LTO-2
Half-Height Tape
Drive
The LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive can be configured via the mt
command options and a default configuration can be setup using the
‘stsetoptions’ command from within the mt command. See the man page
for mt for details. We suggest not using the erase command nor
commands which attempt to partition the tape. Partitioning is not
supported in the LTO format.
6
For commands that use density and tape size settings, the tape density is
124,000 bpi and the tape length is 1800 feet. For commands that use a
blocking factor, we suggest a factor of 128.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
59
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for SGI Irix
Configuring for SGI Irix
6
Finding Current
SCSI Controllers
and Targets
To properly attach SCSI devices to hosts it is necessary to ensure that each
target device has a unique SCSI address. The command hinvcan be used
to find all attached SCSI controllers and target devices. To search for all
SCSI controllers and devices use the command:
6
hinv –v | grep SCSI
The output of the command will be similar to the following:
Integral SCSI controller 0: Version ADAPTEC 7880
Disk drive unit 1 on SCSI controller 0
CD ROM unit 4 on SCSI controller 0
Integral SCSI controller 1: Version ADAPTEC 7880
Tape drive: unit 6 on SCSI controller 1: DAT
This output shows that a tape drive is present on SCSI controller 1 at SCSI
ID address #6. Available SCSI IDs are
•
•
0,2,3,5 6, 8 - 15 on controller 0
1 - 5 and 8 - 15 on controller 1 (this controller supports Wide/Ultra
SCSI)
Note: SCSI ID #7 is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller.
Never configure your target device for ID 7 unless you are
absolutely sure that the controller is not addressed for ID 7.
jumpers for the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive.
Modifying the IRIX
To attach the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive to IRIX the file .scsi. needs to
Configuration File 6 be modified by a text editor. The file can be found in /var/sysgen/master.d.
Open the file and use the text editor to add the following at the end of the
tape device entries:
For IRIX 6.4/6.5
{DATTAPE, TPDAT, 8, 7, “CERTANCE”, “ULTRIUM 2”, 0, 0, {0},
MTCAN_BSF | MTCAN_BSR | MTCAN_APPEND | MTCAN_SETMK |
MTCAN_PREV | MTCAN_SYNC | MTCAN_SPEOD | MTCAN_CHKRDY |
MTCAN_VAR | MTCAN_SETSZ | MTCAN_SILI | MTCAN_SEEK |
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LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for HP-UX 11.0
M TCAN_COMPRESS,
40, 5*60, 10*60, 10*60, 3*3600, 512, 256*512,
tpsc_default_dens_count, tpsc_defalt_hwg_dens_names,
tpsc_default_alias_dens_names, {0}, 0, 0, 0, 0, (u_char*) 0},
After modifying the configuration file, recompile the kernel with the
autoconfigcommand and reboot the system. If you are replacing an
existing storage device with the same SCSI ID remove the device files
prior to using the autoconfigcommand and rebooting the system.
Configuring for HP-UX 11.0
6
Finding Current
Hardware/Driver
Configuration
To find currently installed SCSI controllers and devices, use the
command can ioscan–f. This command lists all the system devices and
their device names.
6
Attaching the LTO-
2 Half-Height Tape
Choose a SCSI address that does not conflict with any already attached
installation for the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive. Attach the LTO-2
Half-Height Tape Drive and apply power to the drive(s) and the host
system. After the boot process completes and you log in as superuser,
issue the command:
Drive
6
ioscan –C tape –f.
You should see output similar to:
Class I H/WPath Driver S/WState H/Wtype Description
Tape 7 8/12.6.0 stape Claimed Device CERTANCE ULTRIUM 2
From the root directory and as superuser, issue the command:
/sbin/insf –C tape.
Then issue the command:
/sbin/mksf –d stape –H x/x.x.x –I y –c 1
–n –u /dev/rmt/zcnb
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
61
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for HP-UX 11.0
Where:
x is the data under H/WPathfrom the ioscan.
•
•
•
y is the data under Ifrom the ioscan.
z is the tape device identifier number.
You can execute an ls command for the /dev/rmt directory to choose an
identifier number that has not already been used. You can also choose a
unique device name such as cnbto more easily remember which device
name will enable data compression during write. Refer to the man pages
for mksf to review settings for rewind/no rewind, Berkeley mode, and
AT&T mode.
After performing the insfand mksfcommands, use the command
ioscan –fn | grep –C tape to check the installation. You should see output
showing the hardware and device addressing and also the device name
attached to the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive.
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LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 7
7Troubleshooting Guide
This chapter contains best practices for getting the most out of your
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive. This chapter also contains
troubleshooting information you can use to identify and resolve tape
drive problems in the unlikely even you encounter a problem with your
tape drive.
Topics covered in this chapter are:
•
•
Installation Best Practices
7
Follow SCSI Best
Practices
When installing an LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive, follow SCSI best
practices to ensure trouble-free installation and operation.
7
SCSI Host Bus
We strongly recommend that you attach the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape
Adapters (HBA) 7
Drive to SCSI controllers that support the SCSI Ultra3 LVD interface and
160 MBytes SCSI transfer rate only.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
63
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guide
Installation Best Practices
In addition, do not
•
Attach the tape drives to a non-LVD SCSI controller, as this will
degrade the performance of the tape drive and the performance of
your backups.
•
•
Attach non-LVD SCSI devices on the same bus cable, as this will
degrade the performance of the tape drive and your backups.
Connect the tape drive to a disk RAID controller, as this is not
supported.
If you are installing an adapter, we recommend you use a SCSI LVD
controller kit that includes the SCSI cable and terminator.
If installing a SCSI HBA, be sure it is supported by your operating system
and your backup software application. In addition, ensure that you have
the proper drivers for the HBA, if any are necessary.
Before you install the HBA, check and record your current system
configuration. For example, in Windows 2000, you may find information
on any currently installed SCSI HBA by:
•
•
•
•
Double-clicking on Administrative Tools in the Control Panel.
Clicking on Computer Management > Device Manager.
Clicking on the SCSI host adapters listed.
Clicking on Properties to view the Resources tab.
In UNIX/Linux systems, you may find information on any currently
installed SCSI HBA by viewing the boot log text file. Refer to your
operating system documentation for specific information on reviewing
your system configuration.
After installing the SCSI HBA, reboot the system. Then ensure that the
operating system recognizes the HBA and that there are no conflicts with
other adapters.
Adding the Tape
Drive
We recommend that the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive be attached to a
dedicated SCSI HBA. In addition to enabling the best performance for
your tape drive, a dedicated SCSI HBA reduces the chances of installation
difficulties arising from duplicate SCSI IDs on the same bus channel.
7
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LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
Ensure that the SCSI cable is of high quality and conforms to Ultra 2 SCSI
specifications. A lesser quality cable or a cable that does not conform to
the Ultra 2 SCSI specification may cause intermittent write/read errors,
SCSI timeouts, and corrupted data.
Troubleshooting Suggestions
7
Computer will not
If the computer has booted up and operated properly prior to adding a
SCSI HBA and tape drive, but does not boot now:
Boot
7
1 Remove the SCSI HBA controller if it is installed.
2 Reboot the system.
•
If the system boots normally, then there is a problem with the
SCSI HBA.
•
Otherwise, ensure that SCSI HBA is compatible with system,
does not have burnt components. Reseat the SCSI HBA in a
different PCI slot and reboot the computer. If the system still
does not boot, contact Technical Support.
Computer Boots
but Does not
Recognize the
Tape Drive
If the computer boots but does not recognize the tape drive reboot the
system and check whether the SCSI controller is seen at boot up. You
should see messages similar to:
7
SCSI Adapter Manufacturer SCSI BOIS xxxxxxx
CHA: SCSI ID #,
SCSI Device Name
SCSI ID #, SCSI Device Name”
•
•
If the SCSI Controller is not recognized during system boot, contact
Technical Support.
If the SCSI controller is recognized during system boot, determine
whether the tape drive is recognized when the SCSI controller scans
for devices. You should see messages similar to:
Bus Target
Lun Device
0
0
0
CERTANCE ULTRIUM 2
•
If the tape drive is not recognized during the SCSI controller scan,
check the Power LED to make sure the tape drive is receiving power.
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
65
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
•
If the Power LED is not illuminated, check the power connections to
the tape drive
Internal tape drive:
1 Power down the system and reseat the power connector on tape
drive.
2 Power on the system and check the Power LED.
3 If the Power LED is not illuminated, replace the power connector
attached to the tape drive with one from a known working device
such as a CD-ROM. If the Power LED is illuminated, the problem
was with the power connector. Otherwise, the tape drive may be
bad and Technical Support should be contacted.
Desktop tape drive:
1 Turn power off to the tape drive and reseat the AC power cord.
2 Power on the tape drive and check the Power LED.
3 If the Power LED is not illuminated, use an AC power cord from
a known working device. If the Power LED is illuminated, the
problem was with the cable. Otherwise, the tape drive may be
bad and Technical Support should be contacted.
•
•
If the Power LED is illuminated, but the tape drive is not recognized
during the SCSI controller scan, use the LEDs to verify that the drive
tape drive “LEDs indicate a POST failure, the tape drive may be bad.
Contact Technical Support.”
If the tape drive LEDs indicate that the drive has passed the POST,
check the following connections:
Internal tape drive:
1 Power down the system.
2 Be sure there are no SCSI ID conflicts between the tape drive and
other SCSI devices.
3 Be sure you are using a proper SCSI cable and proper
termination.
4 Check the SCSI cable for bent pins.
5 Try to use SCSI cable from other SCSI controller bus chain if
possible.
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LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
6 If these suggestions do not help, the tape drive may be bad and
Technical Support should be contacted.
Desktop tape drive:
1 Power down system.
2 Power cycle desktop tape drive.
3 Be sure there are no SCSI ID conflict between the tape drive and
other SCSI devices.
4 Be sure you are using a proper SCSI cable and proper
termination.
5 Check the SCSI cable for bent pins.
6 Try to use SCSI cable from other SCSI controller bus chain if
possible.
7 If these suggestions do not help, the tape drive may be bad and
Technical Support should be contacted.
Windows Operating System
Tape Drive
Recognizedduring
System Boot but
not by Operating
System or
When the tape drive is installed in a Windows operating system,
Windows displays a message on the screen if it does not have a driver in
place for the tape drive.
If the tape drive will be used by an ISV application, you can click on the
Cancel button to remove the message. When the ISV backup software
application is running, the application invokes its drivers to run the tape
drive. However, if you use a native Windows operating system backup
utility, you must install the proper tape driver for the tape drive.
Application
7
Red Hat Linux
7
The tape driver for Red Hat Linux is called “st”. This driver is
automatically installed when Red Hat Linux is installed on your system.
When Red Hat Linux boots, the operating system recognizes the tape
drive and installs the tape drive as a device in the /dev directory. If this is
the first tape device in the /dev directory, the tape drive is known as /dev/
st0 or /dev/nst0.
There are various ways to view the log files to see whether Linux
recognizes the tape drive. One method is to open a terminal window and
issue the following command from the root directory: dmesg | grep SCSI
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Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
You may see output similar to:
(scsi0)<Adaptec AHA-294XX Ultra2 SCSI host adapter> found at PCI 0/16/0
You may also be able to use the command: cat /proc/scsi/scsi
You may see output similar to:
Host: scsi0 Channel: 0 Id:6 Lun:00
Vendor: CERTANCE Model: ULTRIUM2
Type: Sequential AccessANSI SCSI Revision 03
You can also use a text editor to view the messages in the file /var/log/ and
look for tape drive entries.
Sometimes a system may have multiple tape device names in the /dev
directory and will not know which st number to use. To view the st
device number for your attached tape drive, use the command: dmesg |
grep tape
You should see output similar to:
Detected SCSI tape st0 and scsi0 . . .
Problems with
Tape Drive and
Cartridge
Tape will not Load into Tape Drive
1 Verify that the tape drive’s Power Led is illuminated and that all
other LEDs are off. If the Power LED is not illuminated, refer to the
procedures for troubleshooting LEDs under Computer Boots but
not illuminated.
7
2 If the Power LED is illuminated but other LEDs are on or flashing.
check to see if other LED activity is normal or abnormal, see Table 3
3 If the Power On Self Test Failure LEDs are on, contact Technical
Support.
4 If other LEDs are on, reboot the drive by holding the front panel
button for more than 5 seconds and releasing it or by power cycling
the drive.
5 Verify that the tape drive passed the Power On Self Test by viewing
LED activity. All LEDs should be off approximately 20 to 30 seconds
after the tape drive reboots.
6 If the Power On Self Test Failure LEDs are on, contact Technical
Support.
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Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
7 If all the LEDs are off, except power, and a tape cannot be inserted
into the tape drive, examine the tape and the inside of the tape drive.
•
•
Be sure there are no tape labels interfering with tape insertion.
Be sure tape labels are only on proper tape surfaces, and that
labels are flat and not curled.
•
•
•
Ensure that tape drive opening is free of debris and tape labels.
Ensure that tape pin and tape are fully within the cartridge.
Attempt to insert a second tape if available.
8 If a tape still cannot be inserted into the tape drive:
•
If you are inserting a cleaning cartridge, be sure the cleaning tape
is valid. The tape drive ejects unsupported cleaning tapes. Ensure
Cleaning Cartridge at EOT. If these suggestions do not resolve
the problem, contact Technical Support.
•
If you are inserting a data tape, the tape drive may be bad.
Contact Technical Support.
Tape will not Eject from the Drive
7
1 Be sure the tape drive is powered on. If the Power LED is not
illuminated, check whether power is being applied to the system
and/or the desktop tape drive if the tape drive is a desktop unit.
Follow troubleshooting steps under Computer Boots but Does not
LED is not illuminated.
2 If the Power LED is illuminated, determine whether the tape drive
LEDs show other tape drive activity. Under normal conditions, it
may take 2 to 3 minutes for the tape to eject. If only the Drive LED is
blinking, wait for this LED to turn off before trying to eject the tape.
3 If the Drive LED alone is blinking, wait for it to turn off. Verify that no
other LEDs are on or flashing. Push the eject button on tape drive.
4 If the Drive LED flashes, wait for the tape to eject (this may take up to
3 minutes). If the tape ejects, the problem has been resolved.
5 If a message similar to the following appears when the eject button is
pushed, use the mt offline command to eject the tape:
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Troubleshooting Suggestions
You cannot eject the cartridge because the tape drive is in use. Wait until the
operation is complete before ejecting the cartridge.” The backup software
may still have the tape drive in prevent mode so that the cartridge cannot be
ejected. Use the backup software commands to eject the tape.
Note: In UNIX/Linux the above message may not appear, but
the operating system may still prevent the tape drive from
ejecting the tape--use mt offline.
whether a hardware or firmware error has occurred, or whether the
“Manual Intervention” LED is flashing.
•
If there is a hardware or firmware error or the “Manual
Intervention” LED is flashing — and the Drive LED is blinking —
contact Technical Support.
•
If there is a hardware or firmware error or the “Manual
Intervention” LED is flashing — and the Drive LED is not blinking
— reboot drive by holding the front panel button for more than 5
seconds and releasing it or power cycling the drive.It may take
up to 5 minutes for the tape to eject.
7 If the “Hardware or Firmware Error” or “Manual Intervention” LED is
flashing after the tape drive is rebooted, the tape may be stuck.
Contact Technical Support.
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Emergency Reset and Emergency Cartridge Eject
Emergency Reset and Emergency Cartridge Eject
7
In the unlikely event the LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive stops
communicating with the host computer, use the following procedure to
reset the drive and eject a cartridge (if necessary).
Caution: When you perform an emergency cartridge eject, any data
currently in the drive or host's buffers will not be written
to the tape and the tape record may not be correctly
terminated with an End-of-Data mark. If the End-of-Data
mark is not written to the tape, you will not be able to
append any data to that tape unless you overwrite the
existing data on the tape.
To perform an emergency reset, hold down the load/unload button
between 5 to 15 seconds, and then release it.
•
If there is no tape in the drive, the drive firmware reboots the drive
and begins the power-on self-test sequence.
•
If there is a tape in the drive, the drive ignores all outstanding SCSI
commands, ejects the tape, reboots, and begins the Power On Self
Test sequence.
If the procedures above do not eject the cartridge from the drive, you may
need to remove the cartridge manually, see Problems During Backup/
Problems During Backup/Restore Operations
7
Backup Failures 7
A Backup failure can be caused by various reasons. The LTO-2 Half-
Height Tape Drive supports the TapeAlert standard. The following
troubleshooting steps start when software logs a TapeAlert message. You
can view the TapeAlert message either on the main console screen or in
the backup software’s log file. There may be more than one TapeAlert
message per backup failure event.
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Problems During Backup/Restore Operations
1 The TapeAlert message or backup log shows, “The operation has
stopped because an error has occurred while reading or writing data which
the drive cannot correct.” A media error occurred during write or read
operation on the tape drive. Review the troubleshooting procedures
to ensure that the proper SCSI cabling and termination practices are
being followed. Restart the backup if any changes are made to the
SCSI cabling or termination or if any cables or terminator are
unplugged then re-plugged.
This message may also be seen with, “The tape is from a faulty batch or
the tape drive is faulty.” or “The tape is damaged or the drive is faulty. Call the
tape drive supplier helpline.” If either of these messages also appears, use
a good tape to test the drive. If the problem persists, call the tape
drive supplier helpline.
2 Remove the data tape and insert a cleaning cartridge. After the
cleaning cartridge ejects reinsert the data tape and restart the backup.
If the backup succeeds, the problem is resolved.
3 If the backup fails, try to isolate the tape media vs. tape drive. Use
diagnostic software to perform a write/read test of 4GB of data. The
current data on the tape WILL BE OVERWRITTEN AND ALL
PREVIOUSLY WRITTEN DATA ON THE TAPE WILL BE DESTROYED.
Use a second tape for the diagnostic test. If the diagnostic test passes
on the second tape, use the tape for the backup process and remove
the first tape from the backup process.
4 If the diagnostic test fails on the second tape, insert a cleaning tape
into the drive and repeat the diagnostic write/read test. If the
diagnostic test passes on the second tape, the problem is resolved.
5 If the diagnostic test fails on the second tape, the tape drive may be
bad. Use the diagnostic software to perform a write/read test on the
first data tape. The current data on the tape WILL BE OVERWRITTEN.
ALL PREVIOUSLY WRITTEN DATA ON THE TAPE WILL BE
DESTROYED. If the diagnostic test passes on the first tape, the
problem is resolved. If the diagnostic fails on the first tape, the tape is
bad and should not be used any longer.
6 If a second data tape is not available to test with the diagnostic
software, but a cleaning tape is available, insert the cleaning tape.
Remove the cleaning tape after the cleaning tape ejects and restart the
backup. If backup is successful, the tape drive and tape are
satisfactory.
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Problems During Backup/Restore Operations
7 If the backup fails, use the diagnostic software to perform a write/
read test of 4GB of data. The current data on the tape WILL BE
OVERWRITTEN. ALL PREVIOUSLY WRITTEN DATA ON THE TAPE WILL
BE DESTROYED. If the tape drive passes the diagnostic write/read
test, perform backup again. If the tape drive fails the diagnostic, the
drive may be bad. Contact Technical Support.
Tape is Write
Protected
The following troubleshooting steps start when software logged a
TapeAlert message. The TapeAlert message can be viewed either on the
main console screen or in the backup software’s log file. There may be
more than one TapeAlert message per backup failure event.
7
1 The TapeAlert message or backup log shows, “You are trying to write to a
write-protected cartridge. Remove the write-protection or use another tape.”
Eject the tape from the drive and move the write protect tab to the
enable position. Reinsert the tape and restart the backup.
2 If the TapeAlert message or backup log shows, “The memory in the tape
cartridge has failed, which reduces performance. Do not use the cartridge for
further backup operations.” a Cartridge Memory chip failure may have
occurred in the tape cartridge or a tape drive failure may have
occurred. Use another tape to perform a backup. (This message may
be seen with, “You have loaded a cartridge of a type that is read-only in this
drive. The cartridge will appear as write-protected.”)
3 Insert a second tape and restart the backup. The backup should be
successful. The first tape cannot be used for further backups. If you
insert a second tape for a backup and other tape alert messages
appear in the backup software again, the tape drive may be bad.
4 If you start a backup and the software displays a message on the
console a message similar to “Overwrite protection is set to ______. Click
OK to overwrite the media or insert new media that can be overwritten.” it
indicates a software-related problem. Refer to the backup software
instructions on overwrite and append settings.
Miscellaneous
TapeAlert
Messages
1 If either of the following messages appears:
“The tape drive has a hardware fault”:
7
a
b
Eject the tape or magazine.
Reset the drive.
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Problems During Backup/Restore Operations
c
Restart the operation.
Or
“The tape drive has a hardware fault”:
a
b
c
Turn the tape drive off and then on again.
Restart the operation.
If the problem persists, call the tape drive supplier helpline.
Check the tape drive users manual for device specific instructions on
turning the device power on and off.
indicates a “Hardware or Firmware Error” or “Manual Intervention
Required.” If it does, power cycle the tape drive. The tape should
eject. This may take several minutes.
If the tape drive ejects the tape and all LEDs are off (with the possible
exception of Cleaning Request LED), the problem is resolved.
If the tape did not eject and the LEDs show “POST Failure,”
“Hardware or Firmware Error,” or “Manual Intervention Required,” the
drive may be bad. Contact Technical Support.
2 If you have a problem with inserting a cleaning cartridge and receive
the message:
“The last cleaning cartridge used in the tape drive has worn out:
Discard the worn out cleaning cartridge.
Wait for the current operation to finish.
Then use a new cleaning cartridge.”
It means the cleaning cartridge is used up. Purchase a new cartridge
to perform any more cleaning cycles. Normal operation of the drive is
not affected. The drive will continue to automatically eject the
expired cleaning cartridge.
3 If you insert a cleaning tape that is not expired but the tape is being
ejected by the tape drive without performing the cleaning, you may
see the message:
“The last cleaning cartridge used in the tape drive was an invalid type:
1. Do not use this cleaning cartridge in this drive.
2. Wait for the current operation to finish.
3. Then use a valid cleaning cartridge.”
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Problems During Backup/Restore Operations
This message means the tape drive does not recognize the cleaning
tape as being of a valid type. You may have purchased a cleaning
tape that is not supported by the tape drive. Purchase a supported
cleaning tape.
If the tape drive issues a message to backup software to instruct you
to clean the tape drive, you may see the message:
“The tape drive needs cleaning:
1. If the operation has stopped, eject the tape and clean the drive.
2. If the operation has not stopped, wait for it to finish and then clean the
drive.
Check the tape drive users manual for device specific cleaning instructions.”
This message means you should use a supported cleaning tape.
Slow Backups
7
There are many factors that can make backups appear to be “slow.” To
achieve the highest possible transfer rate, the LTO-2 half-height tape
drive MUST be attached to a Low Voltage Differential ( LVD ) SCSI
controller capable of a minimum of 80 MB/s and MUST not share the
same SCSI bus as another active SCSI device such as hard drives.
1 Is the tape drive attached to an LVD SCSI controller? This can be
determined by viewing the boot process of the system and looking to
see what controller the tape drive is attached to. There may be boot
log files that can be examined to determine what SCSI controller the
tape drive is attached to.
2 If the tape drive is not attached to an LVD SCSI controller, attach the
tape drive to a LVD SCSI controller to achieve best possible hardware
performance for best possible transfer rate.
3 If the tape drive is attached to an LVD SCSI controller, see whether
the tape drive is the only device on the SCSI cable? This can be
determined by viewing Windows Device Manager, viewing Unix/
Linux logs, or by viewing SCSI controller during system boot up.
4 If other SCSI devices are attached to the SCSI controller and are active
during the time when a backup is performed to the tape drive, have
the tape drive as the only device on the SCSI cable to achieve the best
possible backup performance.
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Problems During Backup/Restore Operations
The method of performing the backups can also be a factor in “slow”
backups. Data sent to the tape drive over a network connection and
delays in data transfer over a network connection can cause backups to
slow down.
1 Perform write/read test with diagnostic software. This ensures a test
of the connection between the tape drive and SCSI controller and
removes the network data transfer and the backup software from the
diagnosis. The write/read test WILL OVERWRITE DATA ON THE TAPE.
2 When the test finishes, determine the megabyte per second data
transfer. The resulting calculation shows the tape drive performing at
an acceptable rate.
3 If you believe that the write/read transfer is slow even after using the
diagnostic software write/read test, use the Certance Tape
Diagnostic software to perform a trace buffer retrieval. Send the file
to Technical Support, so that the state of the SCSI bus can be
determined.
4 If the diagnostic write/read test transfer rate is acceptable, but
backups still seem to be “slow,” it may be attributed to the number of
files and the average file size that are to be backed up. These factors
can have a significant effect on the backup performance. Backups
where the average file size is less than 200k bytes are slower than
backups where the average file size is greater than 200k bytes. Obtain
backup log files to determine number of files and average file size.
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LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Index
Cautions, internal drives 6
A
Checking SCSI termination
desktop drives 17
AIX 4.1 settings 54
Cleaning a tape drive 24
Computer boots but does not
recognize tape drive 65
B
Configuring
Backup/restore problems 71
Best practices 63
internal drives 7
Connecting
blink codes 21
power cable
desktop drives 17
internal drives 15
C
SCSI cable for desktop drives 16
SCSI cable for internal drives 13
serial cable for internal drives 14
Cartridges
care and maintenance 23
ejecting 71
loading 22
D
specifications 44
troubleshooting 68
unloading 22
Data buffer 29
Data compression
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
77
Index
considerations 32
intelligent 33
G
data compression 31
Data integrity 29
Guidelines, internal drives 6
error-correction code 29
servo-tracking faults 31
DEC/Compaq Unix settings 50
Desktop drives
H
HP-UX 11.0 settings 61
checking SCSI termination 17
connecting a power cable 17
connecting a SCSI cable 16
installation instructions 16
installing the LTO driver 17
quick start 5
I
IBM AIX 4.1.x and later settings 54
Injected noise 42
SCSI ID settings 16
Inspection 6
Drive maintenance
Installation instructions
see desktop drives 16
see internal drives 7
Installing the LTO driver
desktop drives 17
cleaning a tape drive 24
Drive performance specifications
Specifications
drive performance 39
internal drives 15
Intelligent data compression 33
Internal drives
E
checking SCSI termination 14
configuring 7
Ejecting a cartridge 71
Emergency cartridge eject 71
Emergency reset 71
connecting a power cable 15
connecting a SCSI cable 13
connecting a serial cable 14
guidelines and cautions 6
installation instructions 7
installing the LTO drive 15
mounting 11
Environmental requirements 41
Error-correction code 29
External drives
quick start 5
quick start 4
F
registering 15
SCSI ID 8
Features 2
terminator power 10
Front panel display 20
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LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
Index
L
R
Layout of track 27
Linux settings 58
Recording method 29
Regulatory compliance 45
Reliability 42
Loading a cartridge 22
Reset, emergency 71
M
Mean time between failures 43
Method of recording 29
Mounting
S
SCO Open Server 5.0.x Unix settings
internal drive 11
SCSI cable connection
desktop drives 16
internal drives 13
SCSI controllers 50
SCSI ID
O
Overview 1
desktop drives 16
internal drives 8
SCSI II specification xiii
Serial cable connection
internal drives 14
Servo-tracking faults 31
SGI Irix settings 60
Slow backups 75
P
Physical specifications 36
Power cable connection
desktop drives 17
internal drives 15
Specifications
Power specifications 38
environmental requirements 41
injected noise 42
LTO cartridge 44
mean time between failures 43
physical 36
Q
Quick start
power 38
desktop drives 5
external drives 5
internal drives 4
regulatory compliance 45
reliability 42
Sun (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, 9) Unix
settings 52
LTO-2 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide
79
Index
T
W
Tape drive
cleaning 24
Tape drive not recognized by
operating system or application 67
Tape drive troubleshooting 68
Tape will not eject from drive 69
TapeAlert messages 73
Terminator power
internal drives 10
Track layout 27
Troubleshooting 65
backup/restore problems 71
Computer boots but does not
recognize tape drive 65
slow backups 75
tape drive not recognized by
operating system or application
tape drives and cartridges 68
tape will not eject from drive 69
tapeAlert messages 73
U
Unix settings
DEC/Compaq Unix 50
SCO Open Server 5.0.x 56
Sun (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, 9) 52
Unloading a cartridge 22
Unpacking 6
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